Pursuit of Happiness

Pursuit Of Happiness-Kid Cudi

Crush a bit, little bit, roll it up, take a hit
Feelin’ lit feelin’ light, 2 am summer night.
I don't care, hand on the wheel, drivin drunk, I'm doin’ my thang
Rollin the Midwest side and out livin’ my life getting’ out dreams
People told me slow my roll I'm screaming out f*** that
Imma do just what I want lookin’ ahead no turnin’ back
if I fall if I die know I lived it till the fullest
if I fall if I die know I lived and missed some bullets


I'm on the pursuit of happiness and I know everything that shine ain't always gonna be gold
I'll be fine once I get it, I'll be good. x2



Tell me what you know about dreamin’ dreamin’
you don't really know about nothin’ nothin’
tell me what you know about them night terrors every night
5 am, cold sweats wakin’ up to the skies
tell me what you know about dreams, dreams
tell me what you know about night terrors, nothin’
you don't really care about the trials of tomorrow
rather lay awake in a bed full of sorrow


I'm on the pursuit of happiness and I know everything that shines ain't always gonna be gold
I'll be fine once I get it, I'll be good. x5

Pursuit of happiness, yeah
I don’t get it, I’ll be good

..the...last...essay.

The Surgeon General Has Determined

                Smoking tobacco products has been around for thousands of years, it’s nothing new. Humans first came into contact with tobacco about 18,000 years ago when migrant Asiatic people first crossed the Bering Strait and spread across the continents, where tobacco is now native (Gately).  Yet it seems that the past 40 years have brought about more debates on smoking cigarettes than ever; debates as to whether smoking causes lung cancer and even death. Though there is a debate, the Center for Disease Control approximate 443,000 deaths are attributed to tobacco use annually (Adhikari). Current smokers should stop smoking because most professionals discourage smoking and say that it is hazardous not only to health, but also to the environment and can be financially straining.          

In the early 1900’s, smoking cigarettes had become almost a required practice, and the norms of etiquette reflected its importance (Brandt).  Anywhere one would go, a cigarette was sure to be there.  This means that for the past hundred years (and more) cigarette smoke has been polluting the air around us, adding up to the massive amount of pollution that has resulted from the smoke emmited from cigarettes.  Smoking cigarettes is extremely bad for the environment and is one reason why people should not smoke or quit smoking.  The amount of smoke emitted from the countless cigarettes smoked daily greatly affects the environment and the air that we breathe.  These cigarettes contain over four thousand chemicals which are exhaled and released into the air and the atmosphere. Since approximately twenty two percent of North Americans are smokers, and the percentage goes much higher in developing countries,  there is a massive amount of pollution being released into the air every day (Taylor).   Along with polluting the precious air that is essential to life on this planet, smoking also harms the water that we drink and the ground that we walk on.  Cigarette butts are a deadly cause of land pollution. Tossed into gutters and on the shoulders of roads, if they do not first cause a fire or are eaten by wildlife, cigarette butts will likely travel through storm drains and enter our watershed, where they can travel all the way to the ocean. Because cigarette filters are specifically designed to accumulate toxins, each cigarette butt can contain up to sixty known human carcinogens including arsenic, formaldehyde, chromium and lead (“Cigarettes”).  Recently, an “eco-friendly” cigarette called the E-Cigarette was released, claiming that they free the environment from the chemicals regularly found in regular cigarettes and the trash created by cigarettes (Hall).  E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that generally contain cartridges filled with nicotine, flavor and other chemicals. The electronic cigarette turns nicotine and other chemicals into a vapor that is inhaled by the smoker.  Though many smokers may think that E-Cigarettes may be an escape from the harms of nicotine addiction, the FDA has recently announced that a laboratory analysis of electronic cigarette samples has found that they contain carcinogens and toxic chemicals such as diethylene glycol, an ingredient used in antifreeze (DeLancey).  These chemicals are being inhaled by the smoker and then exhaled into the air, which is essentially no better than normal cigarettes.  Contrary to popular belief, there is no environmentally safe way to smoke.

Many smokers will say “Why should anyone care if I smoke? If I’m hurting anyone it is just me.”   Those smokers would be dead wrong.  Second, and now third hand smoke are the cause of about 46,000 deaths a year.  That means that 46,000 innocent people that don’t smoke are dying due to the ignorance of smokers (“Secondhand”).  Non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke take in nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do. The more secondhand smoke one is exposed to, the higher the level of these harmful chemicals in the body (“Secondhand”).  It isn’t fair that those who choose not to smoke are still affected by smoking.  Many states have enacted a smoking ban in public places.  This reduces the exposure of secondhand smoke to some, but what about the children whose parents smoke in the house?  Secondhand smoke causes premature death and disease in children that are exposed to it. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, ear problems, and asthma. Smoking by parents causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth in their children (“Secondhand”).  Along the same lines as secondhand smoke, thirdhand smoke; the new term being used to describe the invisible yet toxic brew of gases and particles that cling to smokers hair and clothing (Rabin).  Again, children seem to be at greatest risk of being affected as they inhale these particles from clothes, rugs, draperies etc.  A commonality between those affected by smoke is children.  Children are the most vulnerable and usually the most commonly affected by second and thirdhand smoke.  Once a smoker decides to quit smoking, they must give their house and car a thorough cleaning to rid the couches, rugs, drapes, blankets and other porous surfaces of the thirdhand smoke.  

                Another reason not to smoke is that it can be a big financial burden. Current smokers should consider their family finances and what cutting cigarettes out would do for the family.  Adults in families that are more affluent are less likely to be current smokers than those in families that are poor (“Status”).  This means that families that are already struggling to get by are spending money on cigarettes instead of more important things like health insurance.  The most popular cigarettes today are Marlboros.  The cost of a pack of Marlboros in Maryland is $6.10 including tax.  Most smokers smoke about a pack a day which adds ups to $2,226.50 a year out of millions of people’s pockets and into the pockets of tobacco companies. In 2006 approximately $83.6 billion was spent on cigarettes in the United States (“Use”). Also, it has been proven that smokers earn anywhere from four to eleven percent less than nonsmokers. It’s not just a loss of productivity to smoke breaks and poorer health that takes a financial toll; researchers believe smokers are perceived to be less attractive and successful as well (“Facts”).  This could mean that a smoker doesn’t get a job simply because of the fact that they smoke, therefore negatively affecting their family finances.  All of this because of cigarettes.  

                Perhaps the most important reason not to smoke or to quit is the effect on one’s health.  Cigarette smoking is the most important preventable cause of premature death in the United States (“Use”).  Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, from the heart to the lungs.   In the heart cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels and puts smokers at a higher risk of developing peripheral vascular disease (“Use”). Peripheral artery disease is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to limbs. When one develops peripheral artery disease, extremities don't receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand of blood (Harms).  This can turn the simple task of walking into an excruciating endeavor.  In the lungs, smoking causes lung diseases like emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway obstruction by damaging the airways and alveoli of the lungs. Smoking has also been found to cause bladder, cervical, esophageal, lung, kidney, stomach and uterine cancer (“Use”).  Tobacco companies have “light” “ultra light” and “mild” cigarettes which contain less nicotine than regular cigarettes - with the implication that they are less harmful to smokers' health. Tobacco manufacturers have been redesigning cigarettes since the 1950s. These “light” cigarettes have had the following alterations: Cellulose acetate filters (to trap tar), highly porous cigarette paper (to allow toxic chemicals to escape), ventilation holes in the filter tip (to dilute smoke with air), and different blends of tobacco (“Light”). Many smokers see this as a way to “safely smoke”.  However, a recent study has proven that these “healthier” cigarettes deliver nearly as much nicotine to the brain. Though not as harmful as full flavor cigarettes, light cigarettes have nicotine levels of 0.6 to 1 milligrams, while regular cigarettes contain between 1.2 and 1.4 milligrams (Wheeler), again proving the point that there is no healthy or safe way to smoke. So why smoke at all?

                At one point in time, smoking cigarettes was a social norm and accepted by all.  But in this day and age, smoking is looked down upon and thought to be “nasty” and “repulsive” by most people.  Now, twenty-one states across the United States have one hundred percent smoke-free workplaces and bars and people are finally starting to crack down on the effects of smoking on humans. Years of research have shown that current smokers should think about the effects that smoking has on not only their own health, but the health of the ones they love, the environment and family finances.   Though quitting is a great obstacle to overcome, millions of people have quit smoking and it is possible with the support of family and friends and a dedicated attitude.  

               

Works Cited

Adhikari, B. "Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses --- United States, 2000--2004." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 14 Nov. 2008. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

Brandt, Allan M. The Cigarette Century: the Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product That Defined America. New York: Basic, 2007. Print.

"Cigarettes: Toxic Trash." Californians Against Waste. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/cigarettes/toxic_trash

"Current Cigarette Smoking Status." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hdi.htm

DeLancey, Siobhan. "FDA and Public Health Experts Warn About Electronic Cigarettes." U.S Food and Drug Administration. 22 July 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm173222.htm

Gately, Iain.  2001. A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization. New York, NY: Grove Press.

Hall, Randy. "Electric Cigarettes." ArticleSlash. 24 Mar. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.articleslash.net/Health-and-Fitness/Alternative/549793__Electric-Cigarettes-Smoke-Wherever-You-Like.html

Harms, Roger. "Peripheral Artery Disease." Mayo Clinic. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/peripheral-arterial-disease/DS00537

""Light" Cigarettes and Cancer Risk." National Cancer Institute. National Cancer Institute, 28 Oct. 2010. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. <http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/light-cigarettes>.

Rabin, Roni. "A New Cigarette Hazard: ‘Third-Hand Smoke’." New York Times 01/02/09: n. pag. Web. 5 Dec 2010. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/03/health/research/0

"Secondhand Smoke." American Cancer Society . N.p., 11/09/10. Web. 5 Dec 2010. <http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/tobaccocancer/secondhand-smoke>.

"Smoking and Tobacco Use." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/index.htm

"Smoking Facts." Your Finish Rich Plan. 21 May 2009. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://yourfinishrichplan.com/blog/2008/05/21/smoking-facts-tips-stopping-quit-smoking-symptoms-harmful-effects/

Tayor-Cassan, Jessica. "How Smoking Affects Our Environment."  AboutMyPlanet. 29 Aug. 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/environment/smoking-affects/

Wheeler, Mark. "'Light' Cigarettes versus Regular Cigarettes." Medical News Today. 29 Sept. 2008. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/123333.php

   

don't even watch this....

not going to lie...i really didn't like this assignment. oh well. here's my little dust bowl videoooooo

Essay 4 Draft

So....it kinda took me forever to figure out what i wanted to write about. I was going to write my persuasive on donating blood but unfortunately, Dr.Kerr said no. SO I'm writing about smokinggggg!

The Surgeon General Has Determined

                Smoking tobacco products has been around for thousands of years, it’s nothing new. Humans first came into contact with tobacco about 18,000 years ago when migrant Asiatic people first crossed the Bering Strait and spread across the continents, where tobacco is now native (Gately).  Yet it seems that the past 40 years have brought about more debates on smoking cigarettes than ever; Debates as to whether smoking causes lung cancer and even death. The Center for Disease Control approximate 443,000 deaths are attributed to tobacco use annually (Adhikari).   Most professionals will discourage smoking and say that it is hazardous not only to health, but also to the environment and can be financially straining.            

In the early 1900’s, smoking cigarettes had become almost a required practice, and the norms of etiquette reflected its importance (Brandt).  Anywhere one would go, a cigarette was sure to be there. Smoking cigarettes is extremely bad for the environment and is one reason why people should not smoke.  The amount of smoke emitted from the countless cigarettes smoked daily greatly affects the environment and the air that we breathe.  Cigarettes contain over four thousand chemicals which are exhaled and released into the air and the atmosphere. Approximately twenty two percent of North Americans are smokers, and the percentage goes much higher in developing countries, which means there is a massive amount of pollution being released into the air every day (Taylor).   Along with polluting the precious air that is essential to life on this planet, smoking also harms the water that we drink and the ground that we walk on.  Cigarette butts are a deadly cause of land pollution. Tossed into gutters and on the shoulders of roads, if they do not first cause a fire or are eaten by wildlife, cigarette butts will likely travel through storm drains and enter our watershed, where they can travel all the way to the ocean. Because cigarette filters are specifically designed to accumulate toxins, each cigarette butt can contain up to sixty known human carcinogens including arsenic, formaldehyde, chromium and lead (“Cigarettes”).  Recently, an “eco-friendly” cigarette called the E-Cigarette was released, claiming that they free the environment from the chemicals regularly found in regular cigarettes and the trash created by cigarettes (Hall).  E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that generally contain cartridges filled with nicotine, flavor and other chemicals. The electronic cigarette turns nicotine and other chemicals into a vapor that is inhaled by the smoker.  Though many smokers may think that E-Cigarettes may be an escape from the harms of nicotine addiction, the FDA has recently announced that a laboratory analysis of electronic cigarette samples has found that they contain carcinogens and toxic chemicals such as diethylene glycol, an ingredient used in antifreeze (DeLancey).  These chemicals are being inhaled by the smoker and then exhaled into the air, which is essentially no better than normal cigarettes.  Contrary to popular belief, there is no environmentally safe way to smoke.

                The most popular cigarettes today are Marlboros.  The cost of a pack of Marlboros in Maryland is $6.10 including tax.  Most smokers smoke about a pack a day which adds ups to $2,226.50 a year out of millions of people’s pockets and into the pockets of tobacco companies. In 2006 approximately $83.6 billion was spent on cigarettes in the United States (“Use”).    Another reason not to smoke is that it can be a big financial burden. Adults in families that are not poor are less likely to be current smokers than those in families that are poor (“Status”).  This means that families that are already struggling to get by are spending money on cigarettes instead of more important things like health insurance. Also, it has been proven that smokers earn anywhere from four to eleven percent less than nonsmokers. It’s not just a loss of productivity to smoke breaks and poorer health that takes a financial toll; researchers believe smokers are perceived to be less attractive and successful as well (“Facts”)

                Perhaps the most important reason not to smoke is the effect on one’s health.  Cigarette smoking is the most important preventable cause of premature death in the United States (“Use”).  Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, from the heart to the lungs.   In the heart cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels and puts smokers at a higher risk of developing peripheral vascular disease (“Use”). Peripheral artery disease is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to limbs. When one develops peripheral artery disease, extremities don't receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand of blood (Harms).  This can turn the simple task of walking into an excruciating endeavor.  In the lungs, smoking causes lung diseases like emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway obstruction by damaging the airways and alveoli of the lungs. Smoking has also been found to cause bladder, cervical, esophageal, lung, kidney, stomach and uterine cancer (“Uses”).  Tobacco companies have “light” “ultra light” and “mild” cigarettes which contain less nicotine than regular cigarettes - with the implication that they are less harmful to smokers' health.  However, a recent study has proven that these “healthier” cigarettes deliver nearly as much nicotine to the brain. Light cigarettes have nicotine levels of 0.6 to 1 milligrams, while regular cigarettes contain between 1.2 and 1.4 milligrams (Wheeler), again proving the point that there is no healthy or safe way to smoke. So why smoke at all?

                At one point in time, smoking cigarettes was a social norm.  But in this day and age, smoking is looked down upon and thought to be “nasty” and “repulsive” by most people.  Now, twenty one states across the United States have one hundred percent smoke-free workplaces and bars and people are finally starting to crack down on the effects of smoking on humans.   Years of research have shown that smoking cigarettes are not only detrimental to the environment and human heath, but also can become a financial burden.  

               

Works Cited

Adhikari, B. "Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses --- United States, 2000--2004." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 14 Nov. 2008. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

Brandt, Allan M. The Cigarette Century: the Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product That Defined America. New York: Basic, 2007. Print.

"Cigarettes: Toxic Trash." Californians Against Waste. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/cigarettes/toxic_trash

"Current Cigarette Smoking Status." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hdi.htm

DeLancey, Siobhan. "FDA and Public Health Experts Warn About Electronic Cigarettes." U.S Food and Drug Administration. 22 July 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm173222.htm

Gately, Iain.  2001. A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization. New York, NY: Grove Press.

Hall, Randy. "Electric Cigarettes." ArticleSlash. 24 Mar. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.articleslash.net/Health-and-Fitness/Alternative/549793__Electric-Cigarettes-Smoke-Wherever-You-Like.html

Harms, Roger. "Peripheral Artery Disease." Mayo Clinic. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/peripheral-arterial-disease/DS00537

"Smoking and Tobacco Use." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/index.htm

"Smoking Facts." Your Finish Rich Plan. 21 May 2009. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://yourfinishrichplan.com/blog/2008/05/21/smoking-facts-tips-stopping-quit-smoking-symptoms-harmful-effects/

Tayor-Cassan, Jessica. "How Smoking Affects Our Environment."  AboutMyPlanet. 29 Aug. 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/environment/smoking-affects/

Wheeler, Mark. "'Light' Cigarettes versus Regular Cigarettes." Medical News Today. 29 Sept. 2008. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/123333.php

Sources of Essay3

WORKS CITED

"20th Century Drought." North American Drought. NOAA Satellite and Information Service. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html>. 

• This site has no author or publication date on the page.  But if you navigate through the website you find the publication date and the day that it was last uploaded.  Still no author though.  I think that I would use this site again because it had a lot of good unbiased information. 

Benjamin, Daniel. "The Dust Bowl Reconsidered :." PERC - The Property and Environment Research Center. 2004. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://www.perc.org/articles/article505.php.

• I think that this is an extremely reliable site.  It not only has the author and the date published, at the bottom it has the authors credentials and the references that HE used for the hsi research. 

Boehlke, Julie. "What Are Symptoms Of Dust Pneumonia? | LIVESTRONG.COM."LIVESTRONG.COM. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. http://www.livestrong.com/article/17213-symptoms-dust-pneumonia/

• I don't think that this site is too reliable.  I probably should have cited a medical website for the syptoms of dust pneumonia.  This website does not have a publishing date, though it does have a cited author with her credentials.  The only thing is that she is not a doctor or anyone that is knowledgable of dust pneumonia.  She is a journalist. 

Bonnifield, Paul. "Dust Pneumonia." Paranorma. Rocky Mountain PBS, 04 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Oct. 2010. http://www.rmpbs.org/panorama/index.cfm/entry/574/Dust-pneumonia,-the-brown-plague.

• This website is reliable.  It has an author and a date posted (since it's a blog).  It's not very professional looking but I guess that's because it is a blog.  At the bottom is cites it's sources and also gives photo credit so I know that it's pretty legit. 

Colenso, Maria. "What Caused the Dust Bowl." Howstuffworks. Discovery Company, 17 Sept. 2008. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/dust-bowl-cause1.htm.

• I think that this site is pretty reliable.  HowStuffWorks is a pretty well known site and at the end of the article it has the sources used along with the authors name at the top.  The sources cited at the end could have been useful in my research and I could find some useful information here.

Fleury, Maureen. "Black Sunday Dust Storm." Suite101.com. 28 May 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://www.suite101.com/content/black-sunday-dust-storm-on-april-14-1935-a120873.

• This site is not as reliable as other sites but I think it's pretty good.  It has the author and the date posted but it doesn't have the author's sources or anything like that so I don't know where their information came from. 

Ganzel, Bill. "Okies." The Wessels Living History Farm. 2003. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_06.html.

•  

Lombardi, Esther. "'Grapes of Wrath' Quotes." Books & Literature Classics. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://classiclit.about.com/od/grapesofwrathsteinbeck/a/aa_grapesquotes.htm>.

Nguyen, Tuan C. "The 10 Worst U.S Natural Disasters." LiveScience. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.livescience.com/environment/top-10-natural-disasters-1.html>.

Wilhite, Donald. "Dust Bowl." Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/D/DU011.html>.

Essay 3

Essay 3 is coming along nicely. i want to say that i ACTUALLY THINK I DID WELL ON THIS. but...that never happens. anyways.

Alexis Hill

Dr. Kerr

ENG 101 H-1

October 24, 2010

The Great Dust Bowl

                Prior to the early 1930’s, the Midwest was a farmer’s paradise until 1931 when a decade long drought transformed the area into a dry stretch of land.  The Dust Bowl is thought to be the third worst natural disaster to this day behind Hurricanes Katrina and Galveston (Nguyen).  It is estimated that 300 million tons of soil were removed from the region JUST in May 1934 and spread over large portions of the eastern United States (Wilhite).   The excessively dry environment and extremely high winds during the 1930’s caused distress within the health of the populous, economy , and environment in the Midwest region, known as the Dust Bowl. 

                During the time of the Dust Bowl the most common health problem was dust pneumonia. This form of pneumonia was caused by the inhalation of dust and dirt particles in the air.  The prairie dust that blew across the Plains and Midwest was extremely small with high silicon content, which cause a type of silicosis like in coal miners and everyone was breathing this harmful dust in all day.  John Steinbeck wrote a Pulitzer Prize winning book entitled The Grapes of Wrath that follows a family and their troubles living in the Dust Bowl.  “Houses were shut tight, and cloth wedged around doors and windows, but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air, and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables, on the dishes (Lombardi).” Dust pneumonia usually struck the elderly, infants and children (Bonnifield). One of the initial symptoms of dust pneumonia is coughing; coughing is the body’s natural response to force the dust out of the lungs (Boehlke). Septic shock is an advanced symptom and condition caused when an infection spreads into the blood stream or other parts of the body---causing the body and its organs to eventually shut down (Boehlke). By the mid 1930's, dust pneumonia was rampant across the Midwest and Great Plains. Patients could not keep food down and many would die within days of diagnosis. At one point, children were being given gauze to cover their mouths with, but the gauze would be solidly plugged up with dirt in about an hour (Bonnifield).

                The Dust Bowl was during the time of the Great Depression; these were tough economic times for everyone, especially farmers.  In the early 1930s, many farmers were trying to recover from economic losses suffered during the Great Depression. To compensate for these losses, they increased their crop yields. When the drought hit, farmers could no longer produce enough crops to pay off loans or pay for the bare necessities (20^th Century). A lot of farmers decided to cut their losses and pack up to move to California, The Land of Opportunity.  Residents of states such as Kansas and Oklahoma migrated to California for more opportunities like better farming land and more jobs (Colenso). In The Grapes of Wrath, the family describes what it was like seeing hundreds upon thousands of migrants traveling to California. “Car-loads, caravans, homeless and hungry; twenty thousand and fifty thousand and a hundred thousand and two hundred thousand. They streamed over the mountains, hungry and restless - restless as ants, scurrying to find work to do - to lift, to push, to pull, to pick, to cut - anything, any burden to bear, for food. The kids are hungry. We got no place to live. Like ants scurrying for work, for food, and most of all for land."   Unfortunately, these migrants settled in too rapidly and since the number of migrant workers outnumbered the available jobs, tensions grew between Californians and immigrants over work.  California found itself overwhelmed by up to 7,000 new migrants a month, more migrants than it needed (Ganzel). 

                Of course, the environment was also affected.  The strong winds that came with the drought blew away 480 tons of topsoil per acre, removing an average of about five inches of topsoil from more than 10 million acres. The dust and sand storms degraded soil productivity and damaged air quality (Benjamin).  April 14, 1935 will forever be known as the worst dust storm in history, known as “Black Sunday”.  The day started out sunny and people were relieved to see sunshine after weeks of dust storms. In the mid-afternoon, the temperature dropped and a huge black cloud appeared on the horizon. The cloud approached quickly and with a thunderous roar with winds clocked at 60 MPH (Fleury).

                The excessively dry environment and extremely high winds during the 1930’s caused distress within the health of the populous, economy, and environment in the Midwest region, known as the Dust Bowl.        Though now farming in the Midwest is back to normal, the time of the Dust Bowl will never be forgotten. 

               

WORKS CITED

"20th Century Drought." North American Drought. NOAA Satellite and Information Service. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html>.

Benjamin, Daniel. "The Dust Bowl Reconsidered :." PERC - The Property and Environment Research Center. 2004. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.perc.org/articles/article505.php>.

Boehlke, Julie. "What Are Symptoms Of Dust Pneumonia? | LIVESTRONG.COM."LIVESTRONG.COM. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/17213-symptoms-dust-pneumonia/>

Bonnifield, Paul. "Dust Pneumonia." Paranorma. Rocky Mountain PBS, 04 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Oct. 2010. <http://www.rmpbs.org/panorama/index.cfm/entry/574/Dust-pneumonia,-the-brown-plague>.

Colenso, Maria. "What Caused the Dust Bowl." Howstuffworks. Discovery Company, 17 Sept. 2008. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/dust-bowl-cause1.htm>.

Fleury, Maureen. "Black Sunday Dust Storm." Suite101.com. 28 May 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://www.suite101.com/content/black-sunday-dust-storm-on-april-14-1935-a120873.

Ganzel, Bill. "Okies." The Wessels Living History Farm. 2003. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_06.html>.

Lombardi, Esther. "'Grapes of Wrath' Quotes." Books & Literature Classics. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://classiclit.about.com/od/grapesofwrathsteinbeck/a/aa_grapesquotes.htm>.

Nguyen, Tuan C. "The 10 Worst U.S Natural Disasters." LiveScience. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://www.livescience.com/environment/top-10-natural-disasters-1.html>.

Wilhite, Donald. "Dust Bowl." Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. <http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/D/DU011.html>.

cause/effect outline woosahhhh!

first....what should i cause and effect analyze? I thought about it and I want to analyze the Dust Bowl in the Midwest! Interesting....


first off..what was the dust bowl?


During the severe drought during the 1930's the soil turned to dust in the Midwest and Great Plain areas and blew easterly causing all hell to break loose.  (very very VERY brief overview)


effects:


health-
dust pneumonia-the prairie dust that blew across the plains and midwest were extremely small with high silican content, which cause a type of silicosis like in coal miners. everyone was breathing it in, alllll day. By the mid 1930's, dust pneumonia was rampant. Patients could not keep food down and many would die within days of diagnosis.  The red cross declared a medical emergency and opened emergency hospitals across the affected areas.  At one point, children were being given gauze to cover their mouths with, but the gauze would be solidly plugged up with dirt in about an hour.   (Bonnifield) 


economic-
because of the lack of farming land, residents of states such as Kansas and Oklahoma migrated to California for more opportunities like better farming land and more jobs (jobs like picking fruits).  Unfortunately, that screwed everything up for residents of California since the number of migrant workers outnumbered the available jobs, tensions grew between Californians and immigrants.  Public heath concern rose as Cali's infrastructure became overtaxed.  In 1933 Franklin Roosevelt enacted the first of several mortgage and farming relief acts under the New Deal aimed to reduce foreclosures and keep farms afloat (Colenso)




environmental-


Because of the dryness of the soil, huge winds would blow soil/dust easterly 










Bonnifield, Paul. "Dust Pneumonia." Paranorma. Rocky Mountain PBS, 04 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Oct. 2010. <http://www.rmpbs.org/panorama/index.cfm/entry/574/Dust-pneumonia,-the-brown-plague>.


Boehlke, Julie. "What Are Symptoms Of Dust Pneumonia? | LIVESTRONG.COM."LIVESTRONG.COM. 27 Oct. 2009. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/17213-symptoms-dust-pneumonia/>.


Colenso, Maria. "What Caused the Dust Bowl." Howstuffworks. Discovery Company, 17 Sept. 2008. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/dust-bowl-cause1.htm>.